What a punch records
What each method actually attests, and the distance between that and a fact about a person.
A Credential Is Not a Person
What a badge read, a PIN entry or a terminal punch actually attests, the inference between that and a person, and why writing the inference down changes the case.
What a Timestamp Is Worth Without a Clock Check
Why an unsynchronised clock makes a timestamp unusable as corroboration, how to measure drift in an afternoon, and what to record about it.
Mobile Check-In and What a Phone Reports
What a phone check-in records, why the accuracy radius matters more than the coordinates, and the two settings that decide whether it is worth anything.
Biometrics: What a Match Means
What a biometric match actually asserts, why the threshold is a business decision rather than a technical one, and the two error rates to ask the vendor for.
The Supervisor Who Says They Saw Them
What human recollection is worth as corroboration, why the date it was written down matters more than the detail in it, and how to take an account that holds.
Logs That Were Never Meant as Evidence
Operational logs as evidence: what each system was built to record, the gap between that and what it is read as, and the questions to ask its owner first.
Retention: The Record You No Longer Have
Why the evidence window is set by administrators nobody consulted, how to find the retention periods before you need them, and what a hold has to cover.